Streptomycinsulfateisafreelysolubleaminocyclitolglycosideantibiotic,thatwasco-discoveredbySalmanWaksman,AlbertSchatz,andElizabethBugieattheRutgersUniversityin1943andwaslaterpatentedin1948.StreptomycinisisolatedfromStreptomycesgriseusandshowsbacteriostaticactivityatlowconcentrationsandbactericidalactivityathigherconcentrationsagainstmycobacteriaandgram-negativebacteria.Itislessactiveagainstgram-positivebacteria.Streptomycinsulfatehasbeenfoundtobeeffectiveagainstcertainβ-lactamsensitiveVREorvancomycinresistantEnterococcusspecies;aglycopeptideantibioticresistant"superbug”.
Streptomycinsulfateisoftenusedtogetherwithpenicillinandotheragentstoinhibitbacterialcontaminationincellcultureapplications.ItisrecommendedforuseinmolecularBIOLOGyapplicationsat25-50μg/mL,incellcultureapplicationsat100mg/Landinembryocultureat50mg/L.
Streptomycinisaproteinsynthesisinhibitorthatactsbybindingtothe30SribosomalsubunitattheS12proteintherebyinducingamisreADIngofthegeneticcode,inhibitingtheinitiationoftranslationofDNA,whichthenresultsindeathforasusceptIBLebacterium.StreptomycinhasalsoshownactivityasamiRNAinhibitor,thatiscapableofdown-regulatingmiR-21,amiRNAthatisoverexpressedinawidevarietyofcancers.
Streptomycinsulfateisreadilywater-soluble(20mg/ml)butoflowsolubilityinorganicsolvents.
StreptomycinSulfateconformstoUnitedStatesPharmacopeiastandards.
CASNumber
3810-74-0
MolecularFormula
C21H39N7O12·1.5H2SO4
MolecularWeight
728.69
MechanismofAction
Streptomycinisaproteinsynthesisinhibitor.Itbindstothesmall16SrRNAofthe30Ssubunitofthebacterialribosome,interferingwiththebindingofformyl-methionyl-tRNAtothe30Ssubunit.Thisleadstocodonmisreading,eventualinhibitionofproteinsynthesisandultimatelydeathofmicrobialcellsthroughmechanismsthatarestillnotunderstood.Speculationonthismechanismindicatesthatthebindingofthemoleculetothe30Ssubunitinterfereswith50SsubunitassociationwiththemRNAstrand.Thisresultsinanunstableribosomal-mRNAcomplex,leadingtoaframeshiftmutationanddefectiveproteinsynthesis;leadingtocelldeath.
StorageConditions
2-8°C
TariffCode
2941.20.0000
Spectrum
Streptomycinsulfateishighlyactiveagainstgram-negativeandmycobacterium,andlessactiveagainstgram-positivebacteria.Streptomycinsulfatehasbeenfoundtobeeffectiveagainstcertainβ-lactamsensitiveVREorvancomycinresistantEnterococcusspecies;aglycopeptideantibioticresistant"superbug”.
